The 50+1 rule is essential to German professional football, requiring clubs like Bayern Munich to maintain a controlling interest held by their members. Established in 1999, it ensures that external investors cannot take full ownership, which would sideline fan interests. The Deutsche Fußball Liga (DFL) oversees compliance, while the Federal Cartel Office reviews it for competition law adherence. This rule promotes equality among clubs and protects strong fan culture in Germany, as fans actively influence club decisions. Exceptionally, investors may gain majority stakes only after 20 years of investment, highlighting the balance between investment and local control.
The 50+1 rule ensures club members maintain control over their football clubs, preventing complete external takeover and safeguarding the interests of fans and equity in investments.
Since 2018, the Federal Cartel Office has been reviewing the 50+1 rule for compliance with competition laws, sparking debates over its implications for modern football.
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