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Global wood harvests and timber demand drive carbon emissions and influence forest carbon sink capacity worldwide. Economic and market models project timber supply, pricing, and policy scenarios to assess harvest impacts and potential leakage. Leakage estimates quantify emissions displaced by forest carbon programs and affect net mitigation outcomes. Plantation forestry and advances in harvesting technology shape production trends and environmental trade-offs. Carbon fertilization, land-use change, and forest management decisions modify carbon dynamics across regions. Comprehensive global forest resource assessments and spatial economic methods inform monitoring, allocation, and policy design for forest-based climate mitigation.
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