Alpha-gal syndrome is an allergy to the sugar molecule galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose found in most mammals but absent in humans. The condition arises when a tick bite introduces alpha-gal into the bloodstream, prompting the immune system to create antibodies against it. Subsequent exposure to alpha-gal through foods like red meat or products such as dairy, gelatin, and certain medications can trigger severe allergic reactions. The syndrome is on the rise in the US, with estimates suggesting around 450,000 affected individuals, and it’s associated with various tick species.
Alpha-gal syndrome is actually an allergy to a sugar molecule with a tongue-twisting name: galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose, shortened to alpha-gal. The alpha-gal sugar molecule exists in the tissues of most mammals, including cows, pigs, deer, and rabbits. But it's absent in humans.
This delayed allergic reaction is called alpha-gal syndrome. While it's commonly called the "red meat allergy," that nickname is misleading, because alpha-gal syndrome can cause strong reactions to many products, beyond just red meat.
The syndrome is also rapidly spreading in the US and around the globe. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates as many as 450,000 people in the US may have it.
When a big dose of alpha-gal gets into your bloodstream through a tick bite, it can send your immune system into overdrive to generate antibodies against alpha-gal.
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