"AI Scala runs on the JVM and combines object-oriented design with functional programming. This means you can write structured, reusable, and safe code that still performs well and integrates easily with Java. This guide covers core Scala concepts recursion, OOP, traits, generics, exceptions, and more with straightforward descriptions and examples. 1. Concurrency and Functional Abstractions Scala is designed for high-performance, concurrent, and distributed systems. It simplifies working with multiple threads and asynchronous tasks through lightweight abstractions."
"2. Recursion and Tail Recursion Normal Recursion A recursive function calls itself until it reaches a base condition. But each recursive call creates a new stack frame. If the depth is too large, you'll hit a StackOverflowError. Example(In Scala): Tail Recursion Tail recursion reuses the same stack frame, making it memory-efficient. It's just like a loop but in functional style. Example(In Scala): Tip: Always annotate with @tailrec Scala will warn you if the function isn't actually tail-recursive. Comparisons shows how call-by-name re-evaluates System.nanoTime() each time."
Scala runs on the JVM and merges object-oriented design with functional programming to enable structured, reusable, and safe code that performs well with Java interoperability. The language targets high-performance, concurrent, and distributed systems through lightweight abstractions such as Futures for parallel and asynchronous tasks. Recursive functions provide expressive looping, while tail recursion and the @tailrec annotation ensure memory-efficient recursion and prevent stack overflows. Default and named arguments improve readability and reduce errors. String interpolation supports s, f, and raw modes. Unit denotes no meaningful return value, while traits, generics, exceptions, and method overloading support modular, type-safe design.
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