Haplogroup X is a rare maternal DNA lineage found in both Europe and North America, indicating potential multiple waves of migration into the Americas over 12,000 years ago. Its presence in Indigenous groups like the Ojibwe and Sioux adds complexity to historical migration patterns. This challenges the notion that Native American maternal lineages originated solely from Siberia via the Bering Land Bridge. Other haplogroups, such as A, B, C, and D, show distinct genetic signatures linked to different East Asian regions, further highlighting diverse migration histories into the Americas.
Haplogroup X, a rare maternal DNA lineage, is observed in both Europe and North America, suggesting early Americans arrived in multiple waves, which challenges traditional views.
Today, the X2a branch of Haplogroup X is present in Indigenous groups across North America, including Ojibwe, Sioux, Nuu-chah-nulth, Navajo, and Yakama.
Haplogroups A, B, C, and D are the most common maternal lineages among Native American populations and trace back to different regions of East Asia.
Haplogroups act as family seals and serve as identifiers for tracing ancient migrations, remaining largely unchanged over thousands of years.
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