""There are examples of balls that transfer high or low energy through all eras of play. There is no trend that suggests the magnitude of energy transfer is increasing or decreasing over time.""
""Our evidence suggests that high energy pressure wave transfer was not limited to leather balls, so, if this energy is associated with neurodegenerative disease, it is not a problem that has gone away with modern balls.""
Research from Loughborough University indicates that heading footballs generates a pressure wave that transfers energy to the brain, with variations among ball designs. The study found that energy transfer can be up to 55 times greater in some balls compared to others. Factors influencing this include ball design, speed, and wetness. Notably, older leather balls do not consistently produce higher energy transfer than modern balls. The findings raise concerns about the link between heading and neurodegenerative diseases, especially in light of recent cases of brain injuries in former players.
Read at www.bbc.com
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