#actor-model

#actor-model

sbt 2.x uses Scala 3.x for build definitions and plugins, while still supporting Scala 2.x. It embraces a simpler build.sbt via common settings and introduces an incremental test feature.

In the fintech industry we can link latency directly to profit and money. If I have lower latency than the competition, I can get to the better deals, I can make the better deals.

Events are essential inputs to modern front-end systems. But when we mistake reactions for architecture, complexity quietly multiplies. Over time, many front-end architectures have come to resemble chains of reactions rather than models of structure. The result is systems that are expressive, but increasingly difficult to reason about.

While the codebase is fresh and grows fast under the umbrella of the local environment, we tend to rely on debugging tools, which were created specifically for that purpose. The app is half-baked, and the code is split open. We observe it through the lens of our IDE and with the speed of our brain. Everything is possible; we may pause execution for minutes, and the whole system is a white box - an open book for us.

When I manage infrastructure for major events (whether it is the Olympics, a Premier League match or a season finale) I am dealing with a "thundering herd" problem that few systems ever face. Millions of users log in, browse and hit "play" within the same three-minute window. But this challenge isn't unique to media. It is the same nightmare that keeps e-commerce CTOs awake before Black Friday or financial systems architects up during a market crash. The fundamental problem is always the same: How do you survive when demand exceeds capacity by an order of magnitude?

Angular is a cohesive, all-in-one reactive framework for web development. It is one of the larger reactive frameworks, focused on being a single architectural system that handles all your web development needs under one idiom. While Angular was long criticized for being heavyweight as compared to React, many of those issues were addressed in Angular 19. Modern Angular is built around the Signals API and minimal formality, while still delivering a one-stop-shop that includes dependency injection and integrated routing.

A real Tetris loop has time (ticks), concurrent inputs (keystrokes), state transitions (collision, locking, line clears), and non-determinism (piece generation). In many imperative designs, these concerns end up tangled in shared mutable state, which tends to produce bugs that are: hard to reproduce (timing-dependent), hard to test (logic mixed with effects), hard to debug (replay isn't deterministic).

High-level view of the travel search workflow, highlighting parallel searches, explicit decision points, and iterative refinement. In Scala, we define this workflow using Workflows4s, encoding both state and transitions explicitly in the type system. Instead of opaque state blobs or untyped contexts, the state of the process is represented using algebraic data types - types like Started, Found, Sent, and Booked - each corresponding to a distinct point in the workflow's lifecycle.

If there's one thing I want you to take away from this article, it's this: testing harness is the most important thing for vibe-coding. Not prompt engineering, not fancy plugins, just constraining your AI outside AI toolchain. I'm calling it harness because it's not only tests. It's tests, types, linters, and any other automated checks you can put in place. The more you rely on AI, the more harness you need.

We're pleased to announce the release of Scala 3.8 - a significant release that modernizes the Scala ecosystem and paves the way for Scala 3.9 LTS. This release introduces a standard library compiled by Scala 3 itself, stabilizes highly-anticipated features like Better Fors (SIP-62) and runtimeChecked (SIP-57), and introduces experimental features including flexible varargs and strict equality pattern matching. A runtime regression was detected after publishing Scala 3.8.0 artifacts.

Over the past decade, software development has undergone a massive transformation due to continuous innovations in tools, processors and novel architectures. In the past, most applications were monoliths and then shifted to microservices, and now we find ourselves embracing composability - a paradigm that prioritizes modular, reusable, and flexible software design. Instead of writing separate, tightly coupled applications, developers now compose software using reusable business capabilities that can be plugged into multiple projects. This enables greater scalability, maintainability, and collaboration across teams and organizations. At the heart of this movement is Bit Harmony, a framework designed to make composability a first-class citizen in modern web development.

Last year I first started thinking about what the future of programming languages might look like now that agentic engineering is a growing thing. Initially I felt that the enormous corpus of pre-existing code would cement existing languages in place but now I'm starting to think the opposite is true. Here I want to outline my thinking on why we are going to see more new programming languages and why there is quite a bit of space for interesting innovation.

This stands in contrast to bifunctor or polyfunctor techniques, which add a typed error channel within the monad itself. You can see this easily in type signatures: IO[String] indicates an IO which returns a String or may produce a Throwable error ( Future[String] is directly analogous). Something like BIO[ParseError, String] would represent a BIO that produces a String or raises a ParseError.