Null and escape-hatch types enable unsafe behaviors; type systems and newer TypeScript features aim to prevent silent invalid states by forcing explicit handling.
The JVM hosts multiple languages; Kotlin is a modern, Android-preferred language offering concise syntax, null-safety, Java interoperability, coroutines, and faster development.
Spring Team on AOT Cache Handling, Null Safety with JSpecify, and Support Durations
"Spring Boot is flexible here. It provides an extract command to unpack an executable JAR, which can be used with a Class Data Sharing (CDS) or AOT cache."