#topic-modeling

#topic-modeling

The Brain Science Here's where neuropsychology enters the vineyard. The human brain's relationship with wine is deeply emotional and multisensory. When we taste wine, our orbitofrontal cortex integrates sensory information with memory and emotion; it's why a particular bottle might remind us of our grandmother's kitchen or that study-abroad summer in Tuscany. This neural complexity is what makes wine special, and it's also what makes AI's role in the industry controversial.

Weather impacts sales. Every retailer knows it. But for most, the likelihood that it might rain, snow, or sleet on the third of March somewhere in the Midwest is rarely used. Vendors such as Weather Trends have offered accurate, long-range forecasts for more than 20 years. But the opportunity is not predicting the weather; it's knowing what to do with the data. AI might change that.

By comparing how AI models and humans map these words to numerical percentages, we uncovered significant gaps between humans and large language models. While the models do tend to agree with humans on extremes like 'impossible,' they diverge sharply on hedge words like 'maybe.' For example, a model might use the word 'likely' to represent an 80% probability, while a human reader assumes it means closer to 65%.

What happens under the hood? How is the search engine able to take that simple query, look for images in the billions, trillions of images that are available online? How is it able to find this one or similar photos from all that? Usually, there is an embedding model that is doing this work behind the hood.

Every year, poor communication and siloed data bleed companies of productivity and profit. Research shows U.S. businesses lose up to $1.2 trillion annually to ineffective communication, that's about $12,506 per employee per year. This stems from breakdowns that waste an average of 7.47 hours per employee each week on miscommunications. The damage isn't only interpersonal; it's structural. Disconnected and fragmented data systems mean that employees spend around 12 hours per week just searching for information trapped in those silos.

Since AlexNet5, deep learning has replaced heuristic hand-crafted features by unifying feature learning with deep neural networks. Later, Transformers6 and GPT-3 (ref. 1) further advanced sequence learning at scale, unifying structured tasks such as natural language processing. However, multimodal learning, spanning modalities such as images, video and text, has remained fragmented, relying on separate diffusion-based generation or compositional vision-language pipelines with many hand-crafted designs.

A major difference between LLMs and LTMs is the type of data they're able to synthesize and use. LLMs use unstructured data-think text, social media posts, emails, etc. LTMs, on the other hand, can extract information or insights from structured data, which could be contained in tables, for instance. Since many enterprises rely on structured data, often contained in spreadsheets, to run their operations, LTMs could have an immediate use case for many organizations.

OpenAI's GPT-5.2 Pro does better at solving sophisticated math problems than older versions of the company's top large language model, according to a new study by Epoch AI, a non-profit research institute.

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