According to economist Shamika Ravi, over three-quarters of India's states now have fertility rates below replacement level, yet many leaders are calling for higher birth rates.
The desire for increased population growth among some leaders stems from the threat of political marginalization in forthcoming reforms that will favor more populous states.
Despite the need for sustainable population policies, some Indian politicians prioritize short-term political gains, which leads to conflicting messages about the benefits of controlling population growth.
The ongoing challenge is reconciling the economic strains caused by rapid growth in poorer states with the successful curtailment of population growth in richer, progressive states.
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