Following the 9/11 attacks, both the United States and Canada were on high alert for potential terrorist attacks, fearing the presence of al-Qaeda cells. However, credible threats were scarce until the Toronto 18 plot in 2006. By 2010, it became evident that the national security concern had shifted towards homegrown radicals, individuals with longstanding ties to Western societies. The Islamic State drew many individuals from North America, indicating a worrying emergence of jihadist ideologies rooted in reactions to the War on Terror. This led to the establishment of radicalization studies to understand this complex issue further.
In the post-9/11 world, national security concerns shifted from foreign terrorists to homegrown radicals, with many Muslim communities becoming unwittingly involved as a response to the War on Terror.
The post-9/11 era has birthed a new discipline of radicalization studies, with experts examining the factors that contributed to the emergence of homegrown terrorism from within Muslim populations.
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