"In ancient Mesopotamia, among the oldest 'civilized people' in the world, alcoholic beverages were part of the festivities as soon as a simple repast bordered on a feast. Although beer, brewed chiefly from a barley base, remained the 'national drink', wine was not uncommon."
"The Sumerian Hymn to Ninkasi, written down in 1800 BCE but understood to be much older, is both a praise song to the Sumerian goddess of beer and a recipe for brewing."
"By the year 2050 BCE, beer brewing had become commercialized, as evidenced by the famous Alulu beer receipt from the city of Ur dated to that time."
Beer is one of the oldest intoxicating beverages, with origins traced back to ancient Mesopotamia around 4000 BCE. Evidence from Godin Tepe indicates brewing practices existed between 3500 and 3100 BCE. Beer, primarily made from barley, was a staple in Sumerian culture, often consumed during festivities. While wine was also present, beer remained the preferred drink. The Sumerians attributed beer's creation to the gods, and it featured prominently in their myths. Brewing was traditionally a female activity, with commercial brewing emerging by 2050 BCE.
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