The physics of ugly Christmas sweaters
Briefly

In this study, we are attempting to provide a clearer picture of the rest shape of knitted fabrics through a simplified mathematical model that emphasizes the interplay between yarn properties and stitch patterns.
The researchers rediscovered that even in the absence of external forces, the friction between yarns contributes significantly to maintaining structural integrity—a finding that changes our understanding of knitted textiles.
This new model, which accounts for the complex geometries and frictional forces inherent in knitted fabrics, represents a significant evolution from our initial work published in 2018.
Through experiments with the Jersey stitch and numerical simulations, the team established that the interaction of yarn length, stitch density, and friction significantly influence the final shape of the knitted fabric.
Read at Ars Technica
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