The lithium-ion batteries that power most electronics are made with lithium, nickel, and cobalt, which are often sourced in ways that cause significant environmental harm.
In Chile's Atacama desert, lithium mining is depleting underground water sources, endangering local ecosystems and the way of life for Indigenous communities who have thrived there for millennia.
The Indonesian nickel mining industry has led to the destruction of over 20,000 acres of rainforest, causing severe pollution and loss of biodiversity.
More than two-thirds of the world's cobalt comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo, where mining operations contribute to environmental degradation and social conflict.
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