Penn Station Needs Expansion to Realize Dream of NJ-Long Island Service, Railroads Claim - Streetsblog New York City
Briefly

Amtrak's report asserts that without a significantly larger Penn Station, implementing through-running for commuter trains from New Jersey or Connecticut is unfeasible, citing operational and design constraints.
The existing station cannot accommodate additional through-running tracks and platforms without causing massive disruption, emphasizing the need for an expansion to satisfy operational performance requirements.
The current capacity of Penn Station allows for 24 trains per hour, but plans to increase this to 48 trains per hour hinge on the Gateway Tunnel project and necessitate significant changes to the station.
Both concepts analyzed suggest that to enable through-running, Penn Station must lose some tracks to widen platforms, as the current narrow platforms impede efficient passenger loading and unloading.
Read at Streetsblog
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