This article provides an overview of how to manage environment variables in Next.js using .env files. It explains the distinction between public and private variables, details the hierarchy of environmental variables, and discusses runtime limitations. The article emphasizes the importance of environment variables in ensuring that applications can run seamlessly across various environments without modifying source code. With best practices for secure configuration during development and production, it also covers how Next.js manages multiple .env files and restricts browser-accessible variables.
Next.js supports multiple environment files: .env, .env.local, .env.development, .env.production, and .env.test, which prioritize local overrides based on current environment mode.
Next.js restricts which environment variables are exposed to the browser, only allowing variables prefixed with NEXT_PUBLIC_ to be included in the client-side bundle.
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