Stars form in large clouds of gas and dust known as molecular clouds, which range significantly in mass and can collapse under gravity to create new stars.
During the main sequence phase, stars like our Sun undergo nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium, slowly changing in size, luminosity, and temperature over billions of years.
A star's death leads to a supernova explosion, resulting from the collapse of an iron core, leaving behind a dense remnant, either a neutron star or a black hole.
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