The M23 rebel group, first active in eastern DRC since 2012, has significantly strengthened over the years, recently capturing key cities like Bukavu. Unlike the earlier push by Congo's army to eliminate M23 in 2013 with UN support, current circumstances reveal that the root issues remain unresolved. Experts highlight the ineffective integration of former CNDP fighters into the national army as a crucial factor, noting that the government in Kinshasa has historically failed to fully engage with the eastern provinces, leading to ongoing instability fueled by local grievances and external influences.
"Lasting peace is rarely achieved by disarming fighters. M23's resurgence stems from its foundation in unmet obligations of a 2009 peace deal, highlighting the complexities of conflict resolution."
"The Kinshasa government tried to integrate CNDP fighters into the army, but the attempt failed because of continuing separate command structures and divergent interests, leading to unresolved tensions."
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