US citizens on the threat of being racially profiled by ICE: I carry my passport card at all times'

"Sleeping with a passport by your pillow. Bringing a birth certificate to soccer practice. Avoiding large gatherings and crowds. Grocery shopping for relatives too afraid to go outside. These are some of the ways that US citizens and permanent residents of color have altered how they move through the world as widespread immigration raids create a pervasive climate of fear."

"In September, the supreme court's conservative majority sided against Los Angeles area plaintiffs who said roving immigration patrols were violating their fourth amendment rights by stopping people on the basis of race, language, employment or location. Critics say the ruling effectively legalized racial profiling. Following that ruling, we asked US citizens and permanent residents of color if they had made changes to their day-to-day lives for fear of being stopped or detained."

Widespread immigration raids and a recent Supreme Court decision have intensified fear among US citizens and permanent residents of color, prompting tangible changes to daily routines. Individuals report sleeping with passports nearby, carrying birth certificates, avoiding crowds and large gatherings, and doing errands for relatives who fear leaving home. The court's conservative majority sided against Los Angeles-area plaintiffs who argued that roving immigration patrols violated fourth amendment protections by stopping people based on race, language, employment or location; critics contend the ruling effectively legalized racial profiling. More than 200 responses described heightened anxiety and practical precautions to reduce the risk of stops or detentions.

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