Continuing exports of Chinese parts and technology have also helped Russia's military industry keep up with demand from the front line in Ukraine. Beijing and Moscow may have a strong economic relationship, but what really unites them at the moment is their shared analysis of the US-led West and the danger it poses to the rest of the world.
Oil and gas exports have sustained Russia's finances throughout its war against Ukraine. But as the fourth anniversary of the full-scale invasion approaches, those cash flows have suddenly dwindled to lows not seen in years. It's the result of new punitive measures from the U.S. and the European Union, U.S. President Donald Trump's tariff pressure against India, and a tightening crackdown on the fleet of sanctions-dodging tankers carrying Russian oil.