Le Pen's sudden rise to relevance shocked France in 2002 when he reached the presidential election's second round, despite later being ousted by his daughter for anti-Semitism.
A former paratrooper, Le Pen's political journey was marked by his provocative oratory and a lifelong nostalgia for France's colonial past, particularly in Algeria.
Le Pen's experiences in wars and his controversial politics accentuated the allure of far-right ideas, which he claimed had gone mainstream across Europe.
Despite a troubled family background, Le Pen became France's youngest MP at 27, ultimately emerging as a controversial figure within the far right movement.
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