Jean-Marie Le Pen, a polarizing figure in French politics, led the National Rally party for decades, pushing controversial views and facing multiple legal challenges throughout his career.
He regularly provoked outrage with his comments on sensitive topics like the Holocaust, which he called a 'detail' of WWII, and the collaborationist Vichy regime.
His daughter, Marine Le Pen, attempted to distance the National Rally from his divisive rhetoric, ultimately expelling him from the party in 2018 as she sought to soften its image.
Le Pen's political career was marked by shocking electoral surprises, notably in 2002 when he advanced to the presidential run-off against Chirac, revealing deep divides in French society.
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