Black holes are some of the most extreme objects in the universe, formed by scenarios such as the collapse of stellar cores during supernovae, the direct collapse of massive stars, and converging gas streams. The minimum mass for black holes is approximately 3 solar masses. They emit Hawking radiation, influenced by the curvature of space outside their event horizons. Although black holes take extraordinarily long to evaporate, with lower-mass black holes decaying faster, even those of around 3 solar masses require billions of years to fully evaporate, far greater than the age of the universe itself.
Black holes are formed when mass collects within a volume, creating an event horizon and leading to a singularity, with a minimum mass of ~3 solar masses.
Hawking radiation arises from black holes and their temperature and flux depend on the curvature of space outside the event horizon; lower mass black holes evaporate faster.
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