Upon taking office, President Trump implemented several executive orders impacting various federal policies, particularly on immigration. These orders direct executive branch agencies, leveraging existing legal powers granted by the Constitution or Congress. However, their legality often invites court challenges, exemplified by Trump's early travel ban targeting predominantly Muslim nations. His second-term orders, especially regarding birthright citizenship for children of undocumented immigrants, are also likely to face litigation, raising significant questions about executive power and interpretation of the Constitution, likely culminating in Supreme Court decisions.
These are directives issued by a president to subordinates in the executive branch, instructing them to undertake some activity or restricting them from doing so.
Executive orders cannot create new legal powers for a president. Instead, they are a vehicle by which presidents exercise legal authority they already have.
It is not uncommon for a president to use an executive order to claim the authority to take some action whose legal legitimacy is contested.
The question of whether he can do so will almost certainly be decided by the Supreme Court.
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