"Brutalism takes its name from the French word for raw concrete (beton brut), the material with which the style is most associated. Modernism sought lightness; by contrast, Brutalism is all about heavy, blocky forms."
"The idea of the city as a rational machine with strict zoning, highrise housing and green space was shaped by Modernist architects such as Le Corbusier and Walter Gropius in the interwar period."
"Functionalism posited that buildings should be whittled down to their simplest expression and that every component should serve a clear purpose. However, the movement didn't always follow its own rules."
Brutalism derives its name from the French term for raw concrete, beton brut. Emerging in the 1950s, it contrasts with Modernism's focus on lightness. Modernist architects like Le Corbusier shaped urban design with principles emphasizing rationality and functionality. After World War II, governments adopted these ideas for rebuilding cities. Functionalism, a Modernist subset, aimed for simplicity and purpose in design, though its application varied, particularly in the Soviet Union, where aesthetic considerations also played a role in architecture.
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