#refined-carbohydrates

#refined-carbohydrates

Sorbitol can be metabolized into fructose in the liver, directly linking its consumption to the same harmful pathways that cause fatty liver disease and metabolic dysfunction. This discovery forces a sobering reevaluation of the artificial and alternative sweeteners millions consume daily in an effort to live healthier lives.

Most of the carbohydrates in these foods - as well as most of the calories - come from starch, of which there are two types: hard-to-digest amylose and easily digested amylopectin. The latter is processed quickly and spikes blood sugar. The former is processed slowly and moderates blood sugar.

Sugar alcohols aren't inherently worse than regular sugar, they're just metabolized differently. Regular sugar is fully digested and predictably raises blood sugar levels. Sugar alcohols like erythritol are only partially absorbed, so they typically provide fewer calories and have a smaller impact on blood sugar, although some types can still raise it modestly.

As hormones shift during the transition into menopause, many women notice that their energy levels react differently to carbohydrates than they did in earlier years. Muscle mass tends to decline with age when strength training is absent from a routine. Because muscle mass determines how the body uses glucose, maintaining it through regular activity may support steadier daily energy.

The United States publishes the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) every five years. These guidelines have historically been established by the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. The new DGA for the years 2025-2030 focuses on the overall message of "eating real food." By shifting to a stronger emphasis on limiting added sugar intake in the diet, this marks a pivotal shift in the guidelines that drive American nutrition.

There are also clear downsides to the diet. Ketones are acidic, and if they build up too much in the blood, they can be toxic, causing ketoacidosis. This is a particular concern for people with type 1 diabetes and for people with chronic alcohol abuse. For everyone else, there's a list of common side effects, including nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, fatigue, and dizziness. Ketogenic diets are also linked to high cholesterol and kidney stones.

Diet culture norms have led to a multibillion-dollar industry promoting diets that each come with their own set of rules, with each claiming it's the only way to be healthy or lose weight. When access to nutrition information is at an all-time high online, people are often left digging through conflicting information when trying to figure out what to eat or what a healthy diet look likes.