Science

Science

Heat shields are crucial: when spacecraft reenter Earth's atmosphere, they heat up, burning through the sky like a shooting star. Without a protective layer, any living thing inside a returning spacecraft would be exposed to temperatures about half as hot as the surface of the sun, or 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2,760 degrees Celsius). In Orion's case, the heat shield is made of Avcoatthe same material that protected the Apollo capsules, with a key structural difference.

In the US, nearly half of adults are single. A quarter of men suffer from loneliness. Rates of depression are on the rise. And one in four Gen Z adults-the so-called kinkiest generation, according to one study -have never had partnered sex. In an age of endless connection, where hooking up happens with the ease of a swipe and nontraditional relationship structures like polyamory are celebrated, why are people seemingly so disconnected and alone?

Veteran NASA astronaut Don Pettit returned from his 220-day mission on board the International Space Station in April 2025, the day of his 70th birthday, making him the oldest active astronaut on the space agency's roster. During his seven-month stint on board the aging orbital outpost, his fourth trip to space, Pettit took the time to photograph some dazzling views of the Earth below.

A book about witches casts a spell, and arguments about whether blue-green algae should be called blue-green bacteria, in this week's pick from the Nature archive.

Even in England, where the recent developments of paleontological botany have opened up new lines of research among the plants of the coal measures, the zeal of the followers of Scott and F. W. Oliver has led to the commercial exploitation of a coal mine in Lancashire where fine specimens of Lyginodendron, the Cycadofilicales, and the fossil seeds of the earlier tree ferns are to be found in abundance.

The record-breaking Falcons Flight roller coaster starts out slow, but don't be fooled. Seconds into the ride at the new Six Flags Qiddiya City in Saudi Arabia, passengers are jolted into a high-speed journey that ascends mountainsides, passes through dark tunnels, and then does it all over again. The ride reaches a height of nearly 640 feet, lasts for nearly 3.5 minutes, and travels more than 2.6 miles.

It was a bonnie morning 410 million years ago in what are now the Rhynie chert fossil beds in Scotland. The mists had begun to lift and swirl over the landscape, where hot springs burbled, lichen papered over rocks, and worms slithered as only worms can. Here, almost all life stayed close to the ground. The second-tallest organism at the time, a plant called , grew to a few centimeters at most.

The sun is putting on a show. On Sunday the star unleashed several strong and bright solar flares, including one of the most powerful eruptions seen in decades. Far from the steadily glowing orb we sometimes picture, the sun's surface is made up of roiling plasma thrown about by twisting magnetic fields. When these fields snap, they can throw out huge bursts of energy and charged particles into spacea solar flare.

Last week AES Andesa subsidiary of the AES Corporation, an American energy companyannounced it had scrapped its plans for a sprawling, city-size renewable energy project in Chile's Atacama Desert. The Atacama offers some of the world's darkest, clearest skieswhich is why it also hosts several of Earth's most important ground-based telescopes, including those of the European Southern Observatory's (ESO's) Paranal Observatory, which could've been within a mere five kilometers of the green-energy facility, according to earlier plans.

Our iron giant is a deep space radio telescope, with an antenna dish measuring forty-six metres across, the largest instrument of its kind in Canada. Starting in the 1960s, the Algonquin Radio Observatory performed a number of cutting-edge scientific projects, including joining SETI's early efforts, in the 1970s and 1980s, to find signatures of alien life-spectrum emissions from water molecules, artificial transmitter signals. No luck.

We knew that if you inject these nanoparticles into an animal model, the nanoparticles get taken up by antigen presenting cells and this resulted in increased regulatory T-cells and decreased inflammatory disease. However, we did not know how this happens,

The Hubble Space Telescope displayed what the Universe looks like. Its successor, JWST, now reveals how the Universe grew up. Galaxies formed and grew massive swiftly: requiring under 300 million years. Larger-scale, more massive structures, like galaxy clusters, take longer. The earliest mature, fully-fledged cluster is CL J1001+0220. Simulations predict such clusters to appear late: after 2-3 billion years. However, proto-clusters, or still-forming galaxy clusters, appear far earlier.

On May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space. However, three months earlier NASA had launched "Number 65" on a mission that helped pave the way for Shephard's momentous flight. Number 65 was a male chimpanzee born in 1957 in the French Cameroons in West Africa. After being captured by trappers, he was sent to a rare bird farm in Florida.

Jan. 31 marks the day Ham, a chimpanzee, was launched into sub-orbital space in a Mercury capsule aboard a Redstone rocket to become the first great ape in space. On May 5, 1961, Alan Shepard became the first American in space. However, three months earlier NASA had launched Number 65 on a mission that helped pave the way for Shephard's momentous flight.

How the most massive objects in the universe first formed is one of the biggest headscratchers in astrophysics. With more advanced telescopes, astronomers have found fully formed galaxies and colossal black holes earlier and earlier in the cosmos, just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. This shouldn't be enough time for these structures to reach their incredible size; to astronomers, it's like stumbling on a fully-grown oak tree that's only a year old.

Ever notice how the loudest person in the room often gets credited as the smartest? We've been conditioned to equate intelligence with quick comebacks, perfect grades, and the ability to dominate every conversation. But here's what psychology tells us: true intelligence often operates in the background. It shows up in the way you question things, how you process emotions, and even in those moments when you feel like you don't know enough.

CATL says its new 5C batteries will retain 80% of their capacity after 1,400 charge-discharge cycles at 140F (60C). With a theoretical range of 372 miles (600 km) per cycle, that works out to a total of 522,000 miles (840,000 km) in what CATL describes as Dubai summer heat. At a milder ambient temperature of 68F (20C), which is closer to the ideal operating temperature for lithium-ion batteries,

Specifically, I take people around downtown Seattle to explore the stone that makes up our buildings. On the corner of Second Avenue and Cherry Street is an elegant six-story structure built with two-foot-tall blocks of rough-hewn sandstone, about 44 million years old, quarried in Tenino, Washington. The building rose soon after much of downtown Seattle burned to the ground in 1889, and the jagged stone gives it a feeling of rugged permanence, certainly what the city needed after the great fire.

I don't know who invented this crazy challenge, but the idea is to put someone in a carved-out ice bowl and see if they can get out. Check it out! The bowl is shaped like the inside of a sphere, so the higher up the sides you go, the steeper it gets. If you think an icy sidewalk is slippery, try going uphill on an icy sidewalk. What do you do when faced with a problem like this? You build a physics model, of course.

It did so with the blessing of engineers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), who decided to delegate the meticulous work of route planning to Anthropic's AI model. This involves consulting orbital and surface imagery of Mars in order to set a series of waypoints to guide the rover's movements. Once plotted, this data gets transmitted about 140 million miles or 225 million kilometers - the average distance from Earth to Mars - where it's received by Perseverance as a navigational plan.

On Thwaites itself, part of the team will try today to drop a fiber-optic cable through a 3,200-foot borehole in the ice, near the glacier's grounding line, where the ocean is eating away at it from below. Sometime in the next week, another part of the team, working from the South Korean icebreaker RV Araon, aims to drop another cable, which a robot will traverse once a day, down to a rocky moraine in the Amundsen Sea.